Labarai

1 Hanyar smear hanya ce ta yin fim ɗin da ke rufe kayan daidai gwargwado akan agilashin nunin faifai. Kayan shafawa sun hada da kwayoyin halitta masu guda daya, kananan algae, jini, ruwan al'adar kwayoyin cuta, sako-sako da kyallen jikin dabbobi da tsirrai, testis, anthers, da sauransu.
Kula da hankali lokacin shafa:
(1) Gilashin zamewar dole nemai tsabta.
(2) Gilashin ya kamata ya zama lebur.
(3) Dole ne suturar ta zama iri ɗaya. Ana zubar da ruwan shafan zuwa hannun dama na tsakiyar faifan, kuma a watsa shi daidai da ɓangarorin fata ko tsinken haƙori.
(4) Rubutun ya zama bakin ciki. Yi amfani da wani nunin faifai azaman mai turawa, kuma a hankali tura daga dama zuwa hagu tare da saman faifan inda aka ɗigo ruwan shafa (kusurwar da ke tsakanin nunin faifan biyu ya kamata ya zama 30°-45°), sannan a shafa bakin bakin ciki daidai.
(5) Kafaffe. Don gyaran gyare-gyare, ana iya amfani da gyaran gyare-gyaren sinadarai ko hanyar bushewa (kwayoyin cuta) don gyarawa.
(6) Rini. Ana amfani da Methylene blue don ƙwayoyin cuta, ana amfani da tabon Wright don jini, kuma wani lokacin ana iya amfani da iodine. Maganin rini ya kamata ya rufe dukkan fentin fentin.
(7) Kurkura. Jiƙa bushe da takarda mai shayarwa ko bushewar gasa.
(8) Rufe fim din. Don ajiya na dogon lokaci, rufe nunin faifan tare da danko na Kanada.
2. Hanyar kwamfutar hannu hanya ce ta yin zanen gado ta hanyar sanya kayan halitta tsakanin faifan gilashi da zamewar murfin da yin wani matsa lamba don tarwatsa ƙwayoyin nama.
3. Hanyar hawa hanya hanya ce da ake rufe kayan halitta gaba ɗaya don yin samfurori na nunin faifai. Ana iya amfani da wannan hanyar don yin hawan wucin gadi ko na dindindin. Abubuwan da ake yin lodin yanka sun haɗa da: ƙananan halittu kamar Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, Amoeba, da nematodes; Hydra, leaf epidermis na shuke-shuke; fuka-fuki, ƙafafu, sassan baki na kwari, ƙwayoyin epithelial na baka na mutum, da sauransu.
Ya kamata a kula da shirye-shiryen hanyar zamewa:
(1) Lokacin riƙe faifan, ya kamata ya zama lebur ko sanya shi akan dandamali. Lokacin ɗigon ruwa, adadin ruwan ya kamata ya dace, don haka kawai an rufe shi da gilashin murfin.
(2) Ya kamata a buɗe kayan tare da allura mai rarraba ko tweezers ba tare da haɗuwa ba, kuma a kwance a kan jirgin sama ɗaya.
(3) Lokacin sanya gilashin murfin, a hankali rufe ɗigon ruwa daga gefe ɗaya don hana kumfa mai iska daga bayyana.
(4) Lokacin da tabo, sanya digo na maganin tabo a gefe ɗaya nagilashin rufewa, da kuma shafe shi daga wancan gefe tare da takarda mai shayarwa don yin samfurin a ƙarƙashin gilashin murfin mai launi daidai. Bayan yin launi, yi amfani da wannan hanya, sauke digo na ruwa, tsotse maganin tabo, sa'annan ku duba a karkashin na'urar hangen nesa.